How Does an Electric Bike Motor Work?
Learning how an electric bike motor works can be crucial if you’re looking to customize or purchase an e-bike. It could also help you make an informed decision on which one will be best for you as a rider. The customizability and eco-friendliness of battery-powered electric bicycles is a strong point of appeal, undoubtedly leading to their growing popularity in the US. Which motor you choose will have an impact on your overall riding experience, like how hard you have to pedal. Here, we’ll outline the most common types of e-bike motors.
Key Takeaways:
- The two most common types of e-bike motors are hub and mid-drive.
- Hub motors attach to either the front or rear wheel of the bicycle, using a stationary axel to rotate the whole.
- Mid-drive motors are a more recent innovation and are usually attached to the crankset. They usually rely on at least two batteries.
Types of E-Bike Motors
In general, all electric bike motors work roughly the same, utilizing similar components to achieve similar results. However, they all have their fair share of pros and cons. While there are many e-bike motors, the most common styles are hub motors and mid-drive motors. Regardless of which type of motor your ebike has if you hear its motor making a clicking noise, it is important to know what to do to reduce the risk of it becoming a serious problem. Additionally, you may be curious about how fast an electric bike can go and which motor offers the greatest speed. The maximum speed, however, isn’t really a factor of the ebike components like the motor so much as it is regulations. The electric bike range can be affected by how much the motor is used though.
One of the types of electric bike motors is called a hub motor. Hub motors are considered a more “classic” style of e-bike motor and can be organized into front or rear hub, as well as direct-drive or gear. For example, GenZe electric bikes feature a high-torque, 350W geared hub motor that is engineered for maximum efficiency.
But for a motor three times the speed, learn about 1000w ebike speed.
What They Are
Hub motors are mounted directly onto one of the wheels of an electric bicycle. The axle of the wheel itself acts as the axle of the motor. In a front-mounted hub, this placement provides the added convenience of the drivetrain and motor system being independent of each other, making for easier maintenance. These motors are accessible for many different types of bikes with varying drivetrains. On the other hand, Rear hub motors may have a more natural feel to those used to riding a traditional bike, as the weight distribution will keep the front wheels from sliding or skidding, as is sometimes common with front hub configurations.
How Electric Bike Hub Motors Work
Directly inside the hub motor, you’ll find the stator in the form of several copper windings wrapped around a series of spokes. An electric current is drawn in from the battery into the wires via the motor controller, turning the stator into an electromagnet. The rotor, composed of a ring of permanent magnets, generates torque when the stator’s electromagnet causes the rotor to spin. When mounted on the stationary axle, that rotation provides the needed propulsion. Rear hub motors, in particular, have the capacity for 750 watts of power.
Direct-Drive Hub Motors vs Gear Hub Motors
Further splitting the category, hub motors come in two subtypes: direct-drive and gear. The difference between direct-drive and gear hub motors in an electric bike comes down to their internal composition. Most modern electric bikes are of the direct-drive variety, utilizing a battery to power the series of magnets, as detailed above. Only limited by how fast the rider can pedal, direct-drive motors have a high-speed potential. Direct-drive motors are durable since there is only one active moving part instead of a collection of gears. However, since direct drives tend to be larger, this can lead to a heavier construction overall, which may be disadvantageous to those seeking a more lightweight ride, especially in terms of easy pedaling.
Internal gear hubs employ a sophisticated arrangement of interconnected gears that turn using a much smaller battery-operated mechanism. It is a complex arrangement, but the compact size still supplies plenty of power and acceleration, especially over inclines and uneven terrain. The internal freewheel keeps the gears from spinning completely out of control, keeping RPM at a manageable level. Over time, there is the threat of wear and tear on the gear systems, which will require additional maintenance. Because they place more emphasis on torque, geared motors cannot achieve the same speeds as direct-drive.
Mid-Drive Motors
Mid-drives are the second most common type of e-bike motors. They are newer to the electric bike scene and tend to run at slightly higher price points, due to the inclusion of complex sensor systems.
What They Are
Mid-Drive motors are a type of electric bike motor that directly involves the bike’s drivetrain, usually fixed between the two pedals at the crankset. Since it does intertwine so closely with the bicycle’s anatomy, an electric bicycle that uses a mid-drive system will need to be designed with the motor in mind. However, if you’re building your bike from scratch, this can create a unique ride customized to your needs. Often powered by more than one battery, mid-drives will also provide more ride time per charge. Mid-drive motors are fixed at the bike’s center of gravity, alleviating the balance issues with hub placements.
How Mid-Drive Motors Work in an Electric Bike
A mid-drive motor works similarly to a hub motor in that two rings of magnets repel each other, causing the rotor to spin. However, a mid-drive motor contains a spinning shaft that generates torque instead of the rotor itself, thus producing the pedal-assist that riders look for in electric bikes. This type of motor also contains a gear-reduction system, similar to geared hub motors. An internal sensor system will gauge potential gear shifts, powering the motor off to avoid excess pressure on the chain, preventing breakage.
- The majority of North American and European bicycle manufacturers have shifted from hub-drive to mid-drives. (www.Bosch-ebike.com)
Types of Electric Bike Motors
If you’re interested in electric bikes, you’ve probably wondered about the different types of motors available. Here’s a quick overview of the three most common types of electric bike motors.
Hub Motors
Hub motors are electric motors built into the hub of a bicycle wheel, and they offer several benefits over traditional electric bike setups as following:
Benefits of Hub Motors
There are several benefits to using hub motors on your e bike. One obvious benefit is that they make your bike much easier to convert to an electric setup. Instead of having to add a separate motor and battery pack to your bike, you can install a hub motor (or two) and be ready to go. This can save you time and money in the conversion process.
Another benefit of hub motors is that they tend to be much more efficient than traditional electric bike setups. This is because the motor is located closer to the ground, where it can take advantage of the bike’s natural rolling resistance. This means you won’t have to pedal as hard to get the same power from your hub motor, which can save you a lot of energy over long rides.
Finally, hub motors tend to be much quieter than traditional electric bike motors. This is partly due to their efficiency (since they don’t have to work as hard), but it’s also because they’re enclosed within the wheel itself. This means that there’s no need for loud motor housing or anything like that, which can make your electric bike much more pleasant to ride.
Mid-Drive Motors
A mid-drive motor is a type of electric bicycle motor located in the middle of the bike frame, near the bottom bracket. Mid-drive motors tend to be more powerful and efficient than other electric bicycle motors, making them ideal for use on hills or in different situations where extra power is needed.
Benefits of mid-drive motor
There are several reasons why you might want to choose a mid-drive motor for your electric bicycle. First, as mentioned above, mid-drive motors tend to be more powerful and efficient than other motors. This means you can ride faster with a mid-drive motor, and you’ll have more help when climbing hills.
Another reason to choose a mid-drive motor is that they tend to be smaller and lighter than other types of motors. This can make your electric bicycle easier to ride and handle, especially if you’re not used to riding an e-bike.
Finally, mid-drive motors tend to be more durable than electric bicycle motors. This means that they’ll last longer and need less maintenance over time.
Rim Motors
If you’re new to the world of electric bikes, you might wonder what the fuss is about rim motors. These powerful little motors can boost your bike, making pedalling up hills and powering through headwinds much easier. Here’s a quick overview of how they work:
Rim motors are attached to the wheel rims of your bike and provide power by spinning the wheel as you pedal. This type of motor is usually more compact and lightweight than other e-bike motors, making it an excellent choice for riders looking to save on weight and space.
Rim motors typically offer two different power settings: throttle mode and pedal assist. In throttle mode, the motor will provide power without any input from the rider (twist the throttle and go!), while pedal-assist mode offers a gentle boost of power that kicks in as you pedal.
The benefit of Rim Motors
One of the benefits of choosing a rim motor is that it can be easily swapped out if you ever decide to upgrade your bike. And since they’re relatively small and lightweight, they won’t add too much extra weight to your ride.
If you’re considering adding an electric bike to your life, consider opting for a model with a rim motor. You won’t be disappointed with the performance!
The type of motor right for you depends on your budget, riding style, and preferences. Be sure to do your research before purchasing an electric bike to find the perfect motor for your needs!
How to Choose the Suitable Electric Bike Motor for Your Needs
Now that you know the basics of electric bike motors, it’s time to start thinking about which one is right for you. Here are a few factors to consider:
The power of the motor
If you’re looking for a motor that can give you a lot of power, you’ll want to choose a larger one. On the other hand, if you’re looking for something to help you get around town, then a 250w motor will suffice.
The type of terrain you’ll be riding on
If you plan on riding on rough terrain, you’ll need a motor to handle it. Conversely, if you only plan on riding flat surfaces, you won’t need as much power.
Your budget
The price of the motor will be a factor in your decision. However, don’t let price be the only thing you consider. Make sure to look at the features of each motor to see if it’s worth the extra cost.
The warranty
When you’re spending money on an electric bicycle, you want to ensure that it comes with a good warranty. This way, you won’t have to pay for repairs out of your if something goes wrong.
Once you’ve considered all of these factors, you should know which electric bike motor is suitable. Just do your research and ensure you’re getting the best possible deal.
Maintenance Tips for Your Electric Bike Motor
Following these simple tips can help keep your electric bike motor running smoothly for years to come. If you have any further questions about motor maintenance, contact a qualified technician or your local bike shop.
Important E-Bike Terminology
Nm = Torque in Newton meters.
Average range: 40Nm – 100Nm
- 40Nm – City commuters, Single-speed eBikes. Hub motor mid-drive
- 80Nm – Hub motor commuter bikes, mid-drive electric mountain bikes Hub Mid-drive
- 100Nm – 160Nm – Rambo rear hub fat tire eBikes Hub motor
Higher torque = power and a noticeable ‘kick’ = Fast acceleration = Great for steep hills and on heavy fat tire ebikes.
Electric Bike Drivetrains
Shimano Nexus Alfine internal gearing a belt-drive. Priority Current E-Bike
- Almost all electric bicycles are equipped with a single front chainring.
- Most electric bikes are equipped with a derailleur shifters
- Belt-drive e-bikes are great yet niché alternative to chain sprocket drivetrain due to their quiet, clean, and maintenance-free characteristics
- Internally geared eBike motors are popular among belt-drive eBikes’ motors (Rambo Megaton, Priority Current)
Electric Bike Batteries
Electric bike batteries play one of the most important roles besides the bikes’ motor itself. What most electric bike brands are striving for – is the latest battery technology available. In most cases, what people are looking for the most in an e-bike is the range one can reach on a single ride.
Ah = Amp hour
Determines the capacity of the battery. Ah = better battery life and range.
Average e-Bike battery range: 8-12ah 6.9V – 17Ah on a larger scale
V = Volt
Determines the force of the electric flow from the battery to the motor. volts = more power to run from the battery to the. voltage = more torque = not as economical.
Average e-Bike battery voltage: 36V – 48V 30V to 52V on a larger scale
Wh = Watt-hour (Ah x V = Wh)
Average range: 250Wh – 750Wh
A popular e-bike brand Rad Pad Power Bikes have a 750W motor, and a 672Wh battery – estimated range between 20-45miles, depending on which mode has been used.
Different Types of Electric Bikes
Almost every single bike type has an electric version as well, but the three main eBike types are:
E-bikes for commuting
EBikes to get you from A to B in comfort.
Hybrid – Comfortable upright riding position, great for paved and light gravel roads.
Fat – 3″ to 5″ wide eBikes that have become popular due to their multifunctional field of use.
Cruiser – One of the most comfortable and laid-back bikes around.
City – Electric city bikes are the most basic to get around town.
Performance e-bikes
Electric Road Bikes – Generally Class 1 eBikes with max. assisted speed of 20mph. Great for going longer routes or hilly terrains.
Electric Mountain Bikes – Hardtail and full-suspensions with an extra oomph and suspension.
Electric Gravel Bikes – Fastest on/off road commuters.
Utility E-bikes
for hauling heavy loads, off-road riding, or multi-purpose bikes
Folding – Foldable eBikes must be one of the best-selling e-bike types on the market. What’s there not to like about a 20″ bike that fits a wide array of riders, and it can be folded compact
Cargo – Electric cargo bikes are bicycles that can be used for work, to haul pets and kids. E-Assisted motor on a e-cargo bike is usually stronger than on other types of ebikes.
Hunting – Mountain/Fat tire bike inspired eBikes that are also great for fishing
Brushed and Brushless Motors
Motors are divided into brushed and brushless motors. In the process of manufacturing ebike, manufacturers usually use brushless motors. Although professionals believe that brushed motors are stronger, because brushless motors are lighter, quieter and smaller Features are very popular in the market. The bottom line is that the brushless motor requires no maintenance for optimal function.
In essence, both brushed motors and brushless motors can achieve good performance, but the quieter and lighter characteristics of brushless motors are better used in the Commuter Electric Bike for urban commuting. Asomtome commuter ebikes use a 350w brushless motor, these ebikes can traverse the city briskly and quietly without making a lot of noise.
Another innovation in brushless motors is the permanent/sensorless magnet BLDC (Brushless DC). This brushless motor uses magnets instead of electronics to detect the position of the armature. This reduces the noise and weight of the motor and improves the overall ergonomics of the motor. Users don’t usually observe this feature, but it can improve battery life.
Direct Drive/Hub Motors
Direct drive/hub motors are less expensive, and the location of the motor is usually placed in the center of the bike wheel, so it becomes a /hub motor. / The hub motor can be placed on the front or rear of the bike, but it is more common to place the rear hub motor.
This electric bike is divided into single gear, just like Asomtom Electric Flat Bar Road Bike RV2 is a commuter electric bike with 350w brushless motor and single gear, and this bike is equipped with Belt Drive, which is quieter and cleaner without oil during riding which has less riding noise than ordinary chain drive bicycles, can alleviate the impact of riding and absorb vibration.
However, you may come across geared hub motors with multiple gears and are a bit more
expensive than normal. But with a 350W hub motor like the Asomtom Cruiser Commuter Electric Bike RV3, Shimano 7-Speed, 263.0 fat tire design you don’t have to worry about multiple gears or hilly terrain.
Crankshaft drive motor
If your ebike motor is installed in the crank, you can clearly know that you are using a crank drive motor. Crank drive motors are the more popular bike motors, and there are many advantages to crank drive motors. Most of the weight of the crank drive motor is in the middle of the bike, which minimizes impact and makes pedaling feel natural. The motor is also directly tied to the gears and pedals, so it ensures a smooth and reliable ride. Installing or removing tires is easy and less stressful than in-wheel motors.
Geared hub motors or direct drive motors have similarities. Compared with other motors, the geared hub motor rotates more slowly and has a smaller diameter than the hub motor, so this type of motor is rarely used in the market.
If you’re looking to buy a bike and want to buy an e-bike that’s right for you, then you should definitely take the time to learn about the types of motors available for e-bikes.
Electric Bike FAQS
What is the difference between an electric bike and a traditional bike?
Electric bike have both the modes of traditional bike, PAS mode and throttle assist mode. Electric bike are equipped with motor batteries, which can be easier to ride than traditional bike. Even if you have physical problems such as arthritis, it is also to ride an electric bike again.
How fast can an electric bike go?It depends on the motor of the electric bike. And, generally in the US, electric bikes has 3 class: class 1 e-bikes have a top speed limit of 20 mph, and the electric motor only works when the rider is pedaling. Class 2 e-bikes are also limited to 20 mph, but their throttles work when you’re not pedaling. Class 3 e-bikes can go up to 28 mph and must have a speedometer, but may or may not have a throttle. The ASOMTOM RV1 RV2 RV3 e-bike is a class 2 e-bike, while the Q7 and E300 are class 3 e-bikes.
How to choose an electric bike? First of all, you need to follow your daily needs to choose a suitable electric bike,when you would like to buy an electric bike, For example, if you need an e-bike for your daily commute, the Asomtom RV3 is the best electric bike choice. If you want to go outdoor touring, a fat tire e-bike like the Asomtom Q7 E300 should be suitable. Secondly, your height should also be a high concern when choosing an electric bike. Disappointing to buy an e-bike that doesn’t fit at a height that can’t be ridden.But you can easily find the recommended height for Asomtom product page in the Size.
Do I need to assemble electric bike purchased online? Is it difficult to assemble?
All our asomtom electric bike products are 90% pre-assembly. When you receive the product, you can watch our installation video onAsomtom electric bike YouTube,(follow ASOMTOM E-Bikes on YouTube Channel)with the user manual to complete the assembly easily. If there is something that cannot be installed, you can contact us by email (service@asomtom.com)
Can I Cancel or Change the Order I Just Placed?It is possible to cancel or change your order only if the item has not been dispatched. Please contact us via our customer support email at
How long does my electirc bike Delivery?
In-stock orders typically ship within 1-3 business days, unless otherwise noted on the product page.Depending on your address from our warehouse, it will take about 3-8 working days to deliver
How can I get the best milage out of the e-bike?
Take the following measures listed below to reduce negative impact on milage:1. Inflate the tires to the specified pressure.2. Avoid frequent braking during your ride.3. Use more pedal assistance and less throttle power.