E-Bike Batteries: Volts, Amps, & Watt Hours Explained. 60 volt e bike

Will 60V work on my e-Bike

I have a geared Mac Hub Motor: 1500 watts (12fet infinion controller). I have a 48v 26.1AH Panasonic Lithium Battery from LA-Ebikes. It propels me on my bike about 32mph top. Based on my Cycle Analyst the bike will hit about 2200 watts. I have run 125 miles on the bike since buying all that stuff new in October. I am wondering if I could upgrade to 60V and get appx. 5mph more out of the bike. Would I have to replace any other components (controller /motor)?

And a crazy question:: Could I buy a 12v 26ah lithium battery and connect it in with my current battery to get it up to 60v?

999zip999

100 TW

What’s your controller rated for ? Voltage. amps ? So these is the mac v5 1500.? How do you like it ? What turn is the motor high speed or torque?

changeissimple

100 W

Great suggestion. I think my controller goes up to 52v and 40 amps. If i get a controller that will handle higher amps will i get more speed? (obviously losing some range)?? I find most of my trips are 1-5 miles. My current range is 25 miles. I would be willing to sacrifice a bit of that for some additional speed. If upgrading my controller is a solution to a bit more speed, does anyone have a recommendation that would be an easy swap for the current infineon 12fet to a mac motor??

fechter

It could be your existing controller is maxed out on power at top speed as the wind resistance will be a lot. Increasing the current limit on the existing setup might get you more top speed. You could also consider a new controller that has a ‘field weakening’ feature that will spin the motor faster for the same voltage but draws more current. 2200W is a lot for that motor. You are near the limit of where the motor might overheat and fail.

Most 48v or 52v controllers have parts that are rated for 63v or so. A 52v Li-ion battery hot off the charger will be 58.8V, so you don’t have much headroom as it is. You could add a battery in series with the existing one, but it creates a bunch of potential problems.

changeissimple

100 W

I would love to find a controller that spins the motor faster. Any recommendations? Sounds like @Fechter you know your stuff. I am looking for a 3-5mph increase in speed for those occasions when I need to keep up with traffic in tighter street zones.

changeissimple

100 W

What’s your controller rated for ? Voltage. amps ? So these is the mac v5 1500.? How do you like it ? What turn is the motor high speed or torque?

I do like the motor. The 125miles have been really good and responsive. It is quiet and seems strong. I have it on a moped and i weigh 150pounds so it is strong to take me 30MPH and all that weight too. But I would love to go 35mph. That would be awesome.

Chalo

100 TW

I have it on a moped and i weigh 150pounds so it is strong to take me 30MPH and all that weight too. But I would love to go 35mph.

The difference between a well built bicycle and a moped is more or less the speed difference you’re talking about.

You might be able to buy the extra speed with clubman bars, a faired tailbox, or another simple aero aid.

This is to express my gratitude to Justin of Grin Technologies for his extraordinary measures to save this forum for the benefit of all.

changeissimple

100 W

I have it on a moped and i weigh 150pounds so it is strong to take me 30MPH and all that weight too. But I would love to go 35mph.

The difference between a well built bicycle and a moped is more or less the speed difference you’re talking about.

You might be able to buy the extra speed with clubman bars, a faired tailbox, or another simple aero aid.

I have really low bars on it and I did a lot to narrow it up during the winter months in the basement. I think if I can tweak the controller I might get some more juice. My Battery is a really nice panasonic lithium battery, I think it can throw out more amps for a short period and get me a bit more speed for the instances that I need it. I can also buy a new motor if needed. I was thinking of a 3000watt. there are some for 200 range on aliexpress. But first I’d like to try the controller upgrade.

Chalo

100 TW

Hmm. Well, you want to keep the fully charged voltage under a measured 60V, to keep the capacitors from popping. That means 52V nominal (14S lithium cobalt) is about as good as you’ll get.

Do you know what the free speed of your motor is? (How fast will the wheel go when it’s not on the ground?). If it’s anything above 45mph, you may be able to raise the top speed by using more current. If it’s very much above 45mph, you’ll definitely go faster with more current.

This is to express my gratitude to Justin of Grin Technologies for his extraordinary measures to save this forum for the benefit of all.

changeissimple

100 W

Hmm. Well, you want to keep the fully charged voltage under a measured 60V, to keep the capacitors from popping. That means 52V nominal (14S lithium cobalt) is about as good as you’ll get.

I don’t know the free speed of the motor. My speed is measured off a magnet sensor on the front wheel through the CA.

mybike

100 W

You say you have an 12fet infinion controller. I have a 12fet infinion controller 40A and i can program it up to 100v battery voltage. I am running lipo 55.5v when charged its reading 62.4v and top speed without peddling is 40mph on flat ground (with my weight). Can you not program yours? amps will give you more pulling power, you will hit the top speed faster, to get more top speed you need a higher volt battery for example 48v will have lower top speed then a 60v battery pack, you just need to make sure your battery can pull out the amps the controller is rated for.

I would be careful putting more then what you have now in to your motor because your motor is geared you risk damaging the gears real quick. My personal recommendation would be a hub motor.

changeissimple

100 W

You say you have an 12fet infinion controller. I have a 12fet infinion controller 40A and i can program it up to 100v battery voltage. I am running lipo 55.5v when charged its reading 62.4v and top speed without peddling is 40mph on flat ground (with my weight). Can you not program yours? amps will give you more pulling power, you will hit the top speed faster, to get more top speed you need a higher volt battery for example 48v will have lower top speed then a 60v battery pack, you just need to make sure your battery can pull out the amps the controller is rated for.

I would be careful putting more then what you have now in to your motor because your motor is geared you risk damaging the gears real quick. My personal recommendation would be a hub motor.

I do not know how to program the controller. I got into e-bikes less than 1 year ago. I have done A LOT of researcher on products and set ups but I haven’t gotten into the computer programming side of things yet. When I decided to do it, I went in with a budget, bought the 1500w MAC because it was on the exact rim I needed to fit the bike. And spent the bulk of the on the 48v 26.1ah panasonic lithium. Now I am wanting a bit more power. I think I built a good looking, effective bike. I am having a lot of fun and using it as a great way to get to work and run errands around town. Take a look here:: http://www.changeissimple.org/patricks-projects. I am just wishing I could get it a few MPH faster. What is the most cost effective way to get that extra speed?? Replace the battery with high voltage? But it seems like that would blow the motor. Correct? Or Replace the motor and controller? Draw more than 40amps from the battery and send more than 2000 watts to a new hub that can handle more power? or Both? Repower the whole bike?

I would love and appreciate your thoughts.

fechter

You might want to check out the motor simulator:

It seems like you could maybe get 5mph more out of your setup without smoking the motor, but you will be pushing the limits.

The least expensive thing to try would be to get the programming cable for the controller and see if you can increase the current limit. It may be already programmed to the max setting though. Even cheaper would be to find somebody close that has one you could borrow.

From there, I would try a new controller. I have an early version of one of these: https://endless-sphere.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=31t=81020

I really like it. I have a different motor, but I can push over 2kW and get over 35mph on my A2B. These are rated for higher voltage too, so if you decide to up the voltage later, it will handle it. These have field weakening, so can make the motor go faster with the same voltage. Being able to program with a cell phone is handy too but mine is the older version that uses a laptop.

changeissimple

100 W

You might want to check out the motor simulator:

It seems like you could maybe get 5mph more out of your setup without smoking the motor, but you will be pushing the limits.

From there, I would try a new controller. I have an early version of one of these: https://endless-sphere.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=31t=81020

How many watts is the motor on your A2B. I know mine is a geared motor so it could shred it but I am sort of willing to risk that. As replacing the motor isn’t that big of a deal.

Is this the program cable i need? Do I hook it up to a PC or Mac and then increase the current limit? https://fasterbikes.eu/en/controller/151-USB-programming-cable-for-infineon-external-controllerscontroller.html

When you shared that controller link above I don’t seem to be able to get to the purchase page. Also, would I be able to use my current throttle, CA, and connect direct to the MAC motor?

Raisedeyebrows

1 kW

I have sort of a similar project I want to undertake, sitting on a couple old Honda Cub 50’s and want to convert one. Not as nice as OP’s bike but will be fun. I’m considering trying a QS-205 with a 72v battery paired with appropriate controller. Something I’ll have to save up for though because I have a couple other projects going right now too. Thinking that setup would push the bike along at 35mph nicely and not tax the motor even with a slow wind motor so I have some hill climbing ability. I need to put the info in the motor simulator and see what it says.

Yuba Mundo w/BBSHD Specialized Hard Rock w/9c clone, statoraid, hubsink Trek Fuel 90 w/BBSHD Above all run on 14s4p 52v li-ion Ecobike folder 36v Currie Flyer scooter 24v on 24ah of SLA

Every trip made with electric bike is one less car trip, saves money, no toxic fumes, less noise, less impact on roads.

fechter

How many watts is the motor on your A2B. I know mine is a geared motor so it could shred it but I am sort of willing to risk that. As replacing the motor isn’t that big of a deal.

When you shared that controller link above I don’t seem to be able to get to the purchase page. Also, would I be able to use my current throttle, CA, and connect direct to the MAC motor?

According to A2B, the motor is rated for 500W. It’s a direct drive hub motor. A little ferrofluid and it handles 2kW fine.

Yes, the programming cable looks like the right one. There are some topics on the forum about programming. It’s been a long time since I messed with one of those. Lyen is a good resource for programming. The other approach is to modify the shunt in the controller and not bother with the programming.

Not sure what’s up with the link for Powervelocity. Again: https://endless-sphere.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=31t=81020

On page one, are listed. You can PM him for more information. There are many other possible controllers that might work, but his have a good track record and aren’t stupidly expensive.

999zip999

100 TW

That bike would love a muxus 3,000 D.D. 4t motor at 5,000 watts. I have it with a 18fet powervelicity controller at 80v charged and 80amps still only goes 43mph. but 36mph up mild hills. so it takes a lot to get over 35mph. I have an old bmc 600 H.S. geared motor and it was max at 62v charged and 40 amp lyen controller 2,400 watts. Meaning long hills will heat it up get the phase wires very hot melting the outer black plastic. still working. You could use a muxus 3,000 3t high speed and run at 48v with high amps so different controller too. Now can your battery support 100amps ? That,s a great motor you have there, better suited for a mtb. That setup begs for a D.D. motor with regen for brakes. With a blue tooth controller you can dail in the amps and regen by phone.

Alan B

100 GW

changeissimple

100 W

changeissimple

100 W

Alan, do you mean it will have a short life with 60v? Or as I currently have it set up on a 48v 40amps?

dogman dan

1 PW

Over power the Mac, its easy to fry a motor. Its rated 500w, so give it more than 1500w, it can overheat in 15 min if you put enough load on it. A motor with much more copper weight, and big ass magnets will blow away the mac for time to melt under extreme load and power.

As others suggest, I agree its time to just go with a larger, heavier, DD motor with enough magnet and copper weight to go way past 2000w. The motor could be the muxus, or the larger crystalytes, whatever. It just needs wide magnets, like 35 mm vs 28 mm for the smaller 500w rated dd motors. ( you can though, run those 500w dd motors harder than your 500w rated Mac, because they can cool off faster, and they have more copper)

Then your limits are far beyond 35 mph, in terms of worrying about motor overheating. 60v ballpark will do great for 35 mph cruise. 18 cells in series would be a good choice. That charges to 75.6v, wich would blow your current controller.

One thing to bear in mind, the more amps you have on the new controller, the quicker you can kill a less expensive battery. But you can get plenty of power at 30 amps with 18s. Don’t get sucked into a 60 amps controller unless you are ready to fork out serious cash for high performance batteries. Best possible approach, is get a Cycle Analyst compatible controller, so you can use the CA to set your own personal amp limit.

Frankenbike longtail http://endless-sphere.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6t=28389hilit=bouncingbetty.

Alan B

100 GW

Gearmotors wear out clutches and gears, and overheat easily due to the path for heat conduction out of the motor. They often come from the factory with sub-optimal lubrication type and/or quantities.

Sudden application of power and especially high motor temperature can damage them faster. A hot motor can fail in just a few minutes, the gears generally fail first. I don’t know if you are monitoring motor temperature, but that is a good thing to do. That is perhaps the best indicator of danger.

It is hard to put a specific value on the power handling capacity of these motors. Finding consensus is difficult. there are many differing experiences here on ES. 1500W seems to work fairly well, perhaps a long time on a bicycle. 2000-2500W works but often fails, again on a bicycle. Putting one of these gearmotors on a heavier moped, and pushing it above 1500W is not likely to produce good motor life.

So you are already pushing it hard, and you are planning to push it harder. I can’t predict when it will fail, but I would move ahead on the 3kW DD motor, it is better suited to your machine. You can look at my Borg (link in my sig) build to see something similar that I have used for many thousands of commute miles with excellent reliability.

I try to keep my full size gearmotors to 1500W or less, based on the supplier’s recommendations for long life. It is actually motor current that matters more than power. If you have a controller that allows controlling motor current and smooth ramping to avoid Rapid heating and clutch slamming things will last longer. A temperature sensor in the motor causing power rollback would really be excellent here, but I don’t have that yet. I use Grin PhaseRunners on my Bonanza and am moving to that on the BikeE. The torque throttle control is also nicer than the usual PWM throttle controls for smooth and precise control.

Good luck with your project.

I see dogman added some excellent advice (and fairly similar) while I was typing mine.

changeissimple

100 W

Gearmotors wear out clutches and gears, and overheat easily due to the path for heat conduction out of the motor. They often come from the factory with sub-optimal lubrication type and/or quantities.

Good luck with your project.

I see dogman added some excellent advice (and fairly similar) while I was typing mine.

This is all great information. It sounds like I need to get a MXUS 3000 turbo. Now my question is: Can i get that motor and a new controller and run on my 48v.- 26.1AH battery. Will i get more speed?? Battery from LA- Ebike : his site says:: 48V 26AH Panasonic 18650 PF Lithium Ion Battery Pack.- 1248WH Watts Hours.- BMS.- Panasonic 29PF Cells.- High Discharge

E-Bike Batteries: Volts, Amps, Watt Hours Explained

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What Are These Volts, Amps, and Watt-Hours? How Battery Specifications and Capacity Equate to Capability and Cost

Understanding e-bike batteries can be challenging, even for those of us in the know; the nitty-gritty details are figured out by electrical engineers with years of education and experience under their collective belts – and for good reason, it’s all chemistry and math over there!

You’ll encounter a host of terms when reading about e-bikes or looking at electric bike battery specifications: things like battery size, capacity, voltage, amp hours and watt hours. Some of these words are more-or-less interchangeable, others are related but distinct. All of them can be confusing, but they are also hugely important in understanding electric bikes and their capabilities – most notably when trying to interpret how far they can take you before needing to be recharged.

In this guide to e-bike batteries, the helpful writers at Electric Bike Report will help you to understand the meaning of common battery terms and their relation to the performance of the electric bikes they power.

E-Bike Batteries Explained

Batteries are one of the core elements of electric bikes. They are needed to supply power to the motor, which in turn provides assistance to the rider, and reduces the amount of human effort needed to move the bike.

E-bike batteries come in various sizes, and can be mounted to the frame in different ways. Some are fully internal, and are sealed inside the bike’s frame. As such, they are not removable, except by using special methods and tools available to professional technicians. Others are removable for easier charging and replacement, whether mounted completely externally (outside the frame), partially recessed (sunken into the frame to some degree), or completely recessed (sunken entirely and nearly invisible on the bike).

Regardless of their type, all e-bike batteries are actually battery packs, and are made up of groups of cells, similar to the standard AA or AAA batteries used in everyday applications. The number of cells and the method used to cluster them together determines how quickly they can provide power and how long they can continue to supply it.

In contrast to standard AA or AAA batteries, however, those used in e-bikes are most commonly rechargeable lithium-ion batteries similar to those used inside smartphones and in conjunction with cordless power tools. Lithium-ion batteries are efficient and can be recharged hundreds or even thousands of times if cared for properly. The Light Electric Vehicle Association, or LEVA, has a great article that they allowed us to re-publish regarding proper battery care and safety to ensure maximum life span.

Fully integrated batteries such as the one on the Velotric Nomad 1 can match the bike’s color and disappear into the frame.

Electric Bike Battery Terms and Definitions

Before we dive deeper into the details, let’s consider a couple of examples of e-bike battery specifications in relation to how they usually appear:

V = Volts and Ah = Amp-hours

V = Volts and Wh = Watt-hours

Both examples convey two basic measurements, albeit a little differently. In both examples, we see volts first; this measurement relates to the availability of the electrical energy the battery can deliver. Next, either amp-hours or watt-hours are shown; these represent a battery’s capacity, or the amount of power it can store.

Let’s define these words (and a few helpful additional terms) a bit more clearly:

Current: the flow of electricity, or transfer of electrons, through a circuit.

Circuit: a closed system of wires and electrical components through which current can travel.

Volts (V): the amount of electrical force or pressure the battery can produce; the speed of the battery’s output of current. This is also sometimes referred to as the electromotive force, and is more specifically the speed at which electrons move through the system.

Note that this is a nominal rating that is used for classification purposes. In reality, a battery’s voltage varies based on the amount of power being drawn from it at a given moment, as well as the battery’s present level of charge. As current is drawn from the battery, its voltage decreases. This can be seen in an e-bike battery voltage chart.

Voltage is determined by the number of battery cells arranged “in series”.

Amps or amperes (A): a measurement of the strength of the battery’s output, or current. specifically, the volume of electrons passing through the system. This is limited by the size of the wires making up the system. Larger wires allow more current, smaller wires allow less. Generally, systems with higher voltage should use smaller wires (that limit amperage) to prevent overheating.

Amps can also be thought of as the amount of energy being drawn from the battery by what it is powering, and can fluctuate from moment to moment. In the case of e-bike batteries and their motors, a greater number of amps are drawn as the motor works harder (i.e. going uphill or using only the throttle).

Amp-hours (Ah): a measurement of charge; the amount of energy that can be delivered through an electrical system over the course of an hour.

In the case of a 10 Ah battery, it can deliver 10 amps of power in one hour, or 1 amp of power for 10 hours, etc, depending on the needs of the component that is delivering power to.

Amp-hours are determined by the number of clusters of battery cells arranged “in parallel”.

Watts (W): a unit of power, determined by volts and amps; the amount of work that can be done by one amp of current delivered at 1 volt. The amount of work is determined by the rate at which the energy is used.

This measurement is generally applied only to an e-bike’s motor, but its battery must support the motor’s needs.

Watt-hours (Wh): another measurement of capacity. In this case, the amount of work that can be done, or the amount of power that is spent, over the course of an hour. This is a direct result of a battery’s voltage multiplied by its amp-hours.

As such, a 24V, 20 Ah battery and a 48V, 10 Ah battery might look different on paper, but they have about the same amount of energy. This makes watt-hours a more reliable indicator of capacity when comparing different batteries.

Controller: A device that limits the flow of electricity through a circuit, and prevents a battery from discharging its energy all at once. In terms of an electric bike, this is the “brain” that adjusts the pedal assist system, the amount of input the motor contributes, and the e-bike’s speed.

Introduction: Electric Bike (Ebike) Range Calculator

One of the most common questions we get is how to calculate the geographic range of an electric bike. Basically,

How far will my ebike go before it runs out of battery power?
What is the range of my ebike?
How far can I go per charge?

There are many factors that affect an electric bike’s range, including the type of bike you’re riding, as well as the battery capacity, terrain, and the level of pedaling effort you as the rider put in.

If you have a Bosch motor system, then you should probably use the Bosch ebike distance calculator. But for all other ebikes, our Range Calculator is the most sophisticated online today.

The truth is that most ebikes come with a Bafang motor system or its equivalent, since they are the largest ebike motor manufacturer in the world, and have an exceptional reputation. Our ebike range calculator has been designed based on the performance of the Bafang electric bike system.

For a more precise estimate of electric bike range, we have developed a detailed ebike range calculator which has 16 Separate Inputs and Over 100 Variants. Try it now, and start keeping track of your actual range to help us refine the system. If you want to learn all the details about how far electric bikes can go, and how to get the most range from your ebike battery, skip the calculator and continue reading the rest of this article.

Average speed for the duration of your ride, including regular pedaling and use of pedal assist and throttle.

Amount of pedal power you supply to reach the average speed. 0 = Throttle Only, 9 = Eco Mode.

0 Throttle Only
2 Turbo Mode
4 Sport Mode
6 Tour Mode
9 Eco Mode

Total weigh including bike, battery, rider, and any cargo you are carrying on the bike or in a trailer.

100 lbs
125 lbs
150 lbs
175 lbs
200 lbs
225 lbs
250 lbs
300 lbs
325 lbs

On average, how many times do you make one full rotation per minute when pedaling?

10 rpm
20 rpm
30 rpm
40 rpm
50 rpm
60 rpm
70 rpm
80 rpm
90 rpm
100 rpm
110 rpm
120 rpm

Where is the motor located on your electric bike?

NOMINAL MOTOR OUTPUT (Watts)

What is the nominal motor output rating of your ebike? For dual drives, enter the combined total wattage.

What is the voltage of your electric bike system?

BATTERY CAPACITY (Amp-Hours)

What is the capacity of your ebike battery, as measured in Amp-Hours (Ah)?

8.0 Ah
10.4 Ah
11.6 Ah
14.0 Ah
16.0 Ah
20.0 Ah
25.0 Ah

What style of electric bike are you riding?

Select the tire tread that most closely resembles that of the tires on your electric bike.

NUMBER OF MECHANICAL GEARS

Select the mechanical gear system on your ebike.

SINGLE SPEED
3-SPEED
5-SPEED
7-SPEED
9-SPEED
10-SPEED
14-SPEED
15-SPEED
21-SPEED
27-SPEED

Select the mechanical gear system on your ebike.

Select the terrain that best describes the average terrain for your ride.

Select which best describes the suface conditions you will encounter most on your ride.

SMOOTH ASPHALT
UNIFORM GRAVEL
ROUGH GRAVEL / ROCKY
HEAVILY RUTTED
SAND OR SNOW

Which best describes the weather conditions you will encounter during your ride?

How often stop completely, and start from a standing position? Level 1 = Rarely, Level 5 = Frequently

NO STOPS
A FEW STOPS
SOME STOPS
LOTS OF STOPS
CITY TRAFFIC

Ebike Battery Myth Busting

First, a little electric bike battery myth busting is in order. Every ebike manufacturer should provide detailed specifications for the battery and every other component on the models they bring to market. Many will also provide estimated ranges, but rarely indicate how these range estimates were derived. That is why we built this calculator, so that you could get a fairly precise range based on your ebike specifications and riding conditions.

Estimated ranges provided by ebike brands aren’t based on rigorous testing

Next, let’s dismiss another obvious falsehood. All ebikes can be ridden like conventional bikes, simply by pedaling and using the standard gears. If the electric vehicle you’re looking at does not have operable pedals, it’s not an electric bike.

If you ride your ebike with the electronics turned off, there is no loss of battery charge. And if you ride your ebike without turning on electronics, there is no drag or resistance from the turned-off ebike motor.

There is no drag or resistance from the turned-off motor

That being said, ebikes do tend to be heavier than standard bikes, due to the added weight of the motor, battery and controller. But there are also lightweight ebikes that fold up and are highly portable.

The lithium-ion battery is the fuel tank for your ebike, not unlike the batteries that power your cell phone and laptop computer. In the olden days a few years ago, some legacy ebike brands would use sealed lead acid (SLA) batteries on their ebikes.

You can still find these types of batteries in cars and on mobility scooters. But with improvements in battery technology, the denser and more energy efficient lithium-ion battery has been adopted as the standard for all ebikes. These batteries will vary in their chemistry, as well as their operating voltage and capacity. Do not get a bike that does not have a lithium battery pack. Find out more about electric bike batteries at our Ebike Battery FAQ.

Like the lithium batteries powering your personal electronic devices, ebike batteries will not last forever. After about 1,000 charge cycles, you will notice that the battery is not holding a full charge. For the average rider, it takes about 2-4 years to charge and discharge an ebike battery 1,000 times. These timeframes could be greatly reduced if you expose your electric bike battery to extremes in heat or cold. So it’s best not to leave your battery in the trunk of a hot car, or in a garage that might reach freezing temperatures overnight.

When you finally need to get a new battery for your ebike, have no fear. Usually replacement or spare batteries are available from the original manufacturer, but even if they are not, there are reputable 3rd party battery companies that can provide a high-quality replacement. Our go-to favorite company for this is the Ebike Marketplace in Las Vegas.

Non-Electrical Factors that Affect Electric Bike Range

There are many variables that affect ebike range, including the bike design of bike, rider weight and riding style, terrain, weather, surface moisture, tire inflation.

Bike Design Maintenance. Electric bikes, like conventional bikes, come in many flavors. You have fat tire mountain ebikes, small folding ebikes, and laid back cruiser style ebikes. There are several key factors in bike design that affect range.

First, the weight of the bike is a major factor, but also the width of the tires. Fat tires, for example, have more surface area in contact with the ground, and more traction (friction) compared to a road bike with narrower tires. This adds resistance which can deplete energy reserves more quickly.

Second, it’s important to note that a poorly tuned or maintained ebike will have a shorter range than a properly maintained vehicle. Low tire inflation, poorly aligned gears and brakes, and high wind resistance due to a lack of aerodynamic design will all contribute to reducing the range of an ebike.

Payload. The weight of the passenger and any cargo will also have a dramatic effect on ebike range. All things being equal, a 225-pound rider with a fully-loaded trailer will place a much higher demand on the battery than a 125-pound teenager with a fanny pack. The distribution of the payload on the bike will also affect range, especially if a bike is unbalanced due to heavy loads placed on the rear rack.

Weather Terrain. Headwinds and wet roads each will reduce the potential range of an ebike. Likewise, how hilly your ride is, and if you go off-road on gravelly trails will impact how far you can travel on a single charge.

Electrical Factors that Affect Ebike Range

All electric bikes have 3 essential components that set them apart from conventional bikes. These are the motor, the controller and the battery. Each of these electrical components plays a critical role in the performance of an electrical bike, and if any of them are not working properly, it can adversely affect your ebike performance range.

If you struggle with the concept of electrons running through wires to power a motor, you’re not alone. Check out the Water Pipe Analogy graphic below.

We use watt-hours to measure the energy capacity of a battery pack, and this will help you figure out how long you can ride your ebike before fully discharging the battery. But before we get into watt-hours (symbolized Wh), let’s first review what a watt itself is.

A watt (W) is a unit of power, and power is the rate at which energy is produced or consumed. Think of watts as a measure of electrical flow. Does an electrical device need a big flow or a small flow to work? For example, a 100W light bulb uses energy at a higher rate than a 60W bulb; this means that the 100W light bulb needs a bigger “flow” to work. Likewise, the rate at which your solar energy system “flows” power into your home is measured in watts.

A watt-hour (Wh) is a unit of energy equivalent to one watt (1W) of power expended for one hour (1h) of time. A watt-hour is a way to measure the amount of work performed or generated. Household appliances and other electrical devices perform “work” and that requires energy in the form of electricity. Utilities typically charge you for electrical energy by the kilowatt-hour (kWh), which is equal to 1,000 watt-hours.

An ebike battery is measured by its voltage (V) and amp-hour (Ah) rating. To calculate the Wh of an ebike battery pack, we simply multiply its V and Ah to get the Wh.

A battery rated at 36 V and 10.4 Ah will have a 417.6 Wh capacity (36 x 10.4 = 374.4), like on the Eunorau UHVO All-Terrain Ebike
A battery rated at 48 V and 21 Ah will have a 1,008 Wh capacity (48 x 21 = 1,008), like on the Bakcou Mule.

To learn more about ebike batteries beyond simply their range potential, check out our Ebike Battery FAQ. And if you want another expert’s opinion about ebike range, check out Micah Toll at Electrek.

X-Treme Cabo 600W Cruiser Elite Max Moped 60 Volt Electric Scooter

X-Treme’s all-new upgraded Cabo Cruiser Elite Max 60 Volt Electric e-bike (highest power unit we offer) The Cabo Cruiser Elite Max electric bike comes standard with a large 600-watt brushless rear hub motor. A 500-watt motor is available for Canadian customers and will ship at this lower wattage due to restrictions by the Canadian government. The motor is installed in the center of the rear wheel and the e-bike is powered by 5 large 60-volt high power batteries (20 AMPS each battery. The Largest Battery We Offer) that will last 3 years or more can be re-charged more than 500 times. The electric bicycle will travel 30. 35 miles on a single charge.

The Cabo Cruiser Elite Max is a great tool for commuters or those working on large campuses. The pedals are included free but do not need to be installed. The Cabo Cruiser Elite Max is classified as a power-assisted bicycle and is legal most everywhere with no license needed to ride. Since local and state laws may vary, we recommend that you check with your local DMV for restrictions and guidelines to operating this unit in case they have special provisions which overrule the Federal Bicycle Law.

X-Treme Cabo 600 W Cruiser Elite Max 60 Volt Electric Scooter SPECIFICATIONS

X-Treme products come with a 1-year warranty against manufacturing defects and workmanship. Please click on the link for the X-Treme Warranty details.

Let customers speak for us

Works great. Extra space to hold more items.

Being a more affordable electric bike I wasn’t sure what to expect. I love it!! It was easy to assemble and is a great looking bike. The battery is amazing, been on four rides and my battery is at about 80%. Extremely satisfied with my purchase.

This e-bike is powerful! When they told me “hang on”. they weren’t kidding. You can feel the power from each wheel. Each wheel has its own 1000w hub motor so this bike truly defines All Wheel Drive. And the power going uphill. I weigh 245-250 lbs and this bike has no problem carrying me around anywhere. Well done Rambo!

Thank u very quick and friendly

I bought this bike to be more green. I love the way it drives. With and without batteries. I had a minor issue but their customer service is helping every step of the way. I love this cargo bike, and for the money you can’t do better. Thanks for a cool product

My e-trike is so much fun! I’ve had so many people ask me about it. I can run so many errands with it. forget the car!

Love my bike! It was simple and easy to put together. I use the throttle to start off rather then peddling to start as it’s easier and I can control the speed better.

The EUNORAU FAT-HS Fat Tire is hefty but fun. Great for commuting and moderate single track riding. Zoom provided responsive service.

I love the bike,it rides great. I have yet to really push it but so far so good. Zoom bike has been very professional. I’m satisfied all the way around

I want to thank Zoom for a great bike. very easy to assemble. I find myself waiting for the next opportunity to venture out on my e bike. I’m a middle aged man so I can appreciate the ride this bike offers. A

Wish I could picture but it’s all decked out and hunt ready and can carry ALOT of weight. it’s a work of bike art and a true blessing to own!! Thanks

Great ebike for the price and so much fun riding to the beach. Great value!

Extremely satisfied with purchase of The Revi Predator. I have put it to a moderate test as a novice rider. To streets and trails it’s smooth and seems well built to a grade heavy duty in my opinion. Shipped from Zoom warehouse in California to central indiana In within 10 days. Package well. And Assemble within 30 minutes. Tools required were included, Before first ride. Insure handle bars are correctly tighten. fork nut was Lose as I made my first voyage. simply tighten. I recommend the product and Store and can validate satisfaction.

The electric bike is so fun to ride. Only issue is instructions and putting it together

Return Policy

Zoom Electric Bikes offers a 30-Day Hassle-Free Returns Policy. We will refund your purchase amount minus the original and return shipping charges subject to the conditions below:

You must notify us of your intent to return within 30 days of the order date.
The item must be returned within 14 days from the notice of the intent to return.
All merchandise must be returned in new, unused and sellable condition (that means all packaging, warranty cards, manuals, documentation, instructions, and accessories must be returned as well).
Our return policy also applies to cancellations made after an item has been physically shipped and/or refusal at the time of delivery.
Please note that we do not accept the return of spare parts or accessories.
Custom item(s) cannot be returned or exchanged.
Unless the return is due to a Zoom Electric Bikes error (e.g. you received an incorrect item), the customer (that’s you) is responsible for the cost of ALL return shipping charges.
All return and exchange merchandise will require an RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) number. Only ship the return to the address detailed in the RMA email you receive. (Please see “Request a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA)” below)
We will require you to provide us with pictures of the item from all sides before it is packaged for shipping. We will also require pictures of the item after it has been packaged for return shipment in the original packaging.
All returns will be inspected and we reserve the right to adjust the refund on the return depending upon the condition of the returned product.
Do not return to any address listed on the package. It is a good idea to get insurance for shipping returns as we cannot guarantee delivery to us
Shipping charges must be prepaid on all returned shipments and we recommend that you insure all returned packages for your protection. Zoom Electric Bikes is not responsible for return shipments that are lost, pilfered, or damaged
Shipping costs are not refundable and the customer is responsible for the cost of the return shipping
Custom item(s) cannot be returned or exchanged
Zoom Electric Bikes does not accept customer remorse returns
Merchandise must be returned within 30 days of the delivery date.
For all returns and cancellations that “shipped free,” a shipping charge equal to the cost of the original shipment will be withheld from the refund. It is important to save all packaging and not destroy boxes in case of a return.
Please do not write on the packaging box or use duct tape or any colored tape anywhere. Use only clear packaging tape.
Zoom Electric Bikes reserves the right to refuse a refund on a returned item if:

The item that has been returned does not match the original item shipped to the customer.
The returned item is missing parts or the original product’s packaging.
The item was damaged during the return shipment due to improper or insufficient packaging.
The item being returned has been obviously used.
The item has been assembled in a way that would impede proper packaging for return shipping.

The Following Cannot Be Returned

Products which are eligible for parts under manufacturer warranty.
Products that have had their original manufacturer packaging opened. Products that have been out of their original manufacturers’ packaging.
Accessories and Spare Parts.
If a returned item gets damaged during the transportation, it is the customer’s responsibility to file the claim with the carrier. No refund can be issued in this case.

It is the customer’s responsibility to return the merchandise in new resalable condition.

Refunds are only issued after returned items have been received and inspected.

Exchange Policy

You may exchange any item, except custom items, within 30 days of the ship date. Please note: Exchanges are subject to applicable restocking fees and the return policies mentioned on this page.

Request a Return Merchandise Authorization Number (RMA)

All merchandise returns require a Zoom Electric Bikes RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) number. To request an RMA number, please follow this procedure. Any returns received without an authorization number will be refused.

All return request must be submitted in writing and sent to returns@zoomelectricbikes.com

Phone: 1 (888) 333-9469 (Monday. Friday, 9:00am to 6:00pm MST)

We’ll need the following:

Your Zoom Electric Bikes Order Number (located in your confirmation emails)
A description of the item(s) you wish to return
Reason for the return
Photos (from all angles) of the item you wish to return

As long as your reason for return is valid, we will provide you with a Return Merchandise Authorization number. Items returned without an authorized RMA number will be refused and a refund will not be given. Your RMA is valid for 15 business days after it has been issued. Remember, we must receive returns within 30 days of the original ship date.

Items Damaged During Shipment

When your order arrives, please be sure to inspect all boxes right away.
If the packaging appears damaged on the outside, please refuse to accept delivery from the carrier or make sure to note the damage on the proof of delivery slip.
If you do accept a damaged shipment, make sure to notify us immediately, as claims for damaged goods must be presented to the carrier within 24 hours of receipt.
Zoom Electric Bikes cannot be held responsible for visible shipment damage not reported to us within 24 hours of receipt.
We will process an insurance claim on your behalf and happily work with you to resolve the issue and refund or replace your order.
If the packaging looked undamaged but there is in fact “hidden damage” to the items inside of the packaging, contact Zoom Electric Bikes within 2 days of receipt.
We cannot accept claims after 2 business days, as we are unable to pass on the claims to the carrier responsible at that point.

Restocking Fees

There is a 20% restocking fee for all returns and exchanges unless the return is due to a Zoom Electric Bikes error (e.g. we sent you the wrong product).
We are unable to waive this fee (although we would like to) due to the manufacturer charging us the restocking and return fees.
You are responsible for the shipping costs to return the item.
No returns or exchanges will be issued after thirty days from the date of purchase.

Non-Refundable Items

Any items that are defective, or physically damaged by the end-users. We reserve the right to check the condition of the returned items before issuing a refund or credit
Items that do not include all the original manufacturing packaging (packaging materials, documentation, instructions, and accessories)
Customized orders are non-refundable or exchangeable
If an item is defective, we will replace the item
Any items returned after 30 days

How to Return Your Item(s) to Zoom Electric Bikes

Please note that all returns must be complete, in original and resalable condition, with all original boxes, product manuals, warranty cards, and packing materials. We reserve the right to refuse a return on any product that does not meet these requirements.

If your return is approved you will receive an email from us with return instructions.
Securely pack all the returned items in the original packaging and include any other paperwork requested in the return approval email.
We recommend taking a picture of the package and/or the item before shipping.
Include a copy of the original Packing Slip (with the reason for return)
Write your RMA (Return Merchandise Authorization) number on the outside of the box
Send the package to the address provided in the RMA authorization instructions
Ship the package. We will either provide you a return shipping label or you will have to arrange the shipping yourself. You can use UPS or FedEx Ground if your order was delivered by one of these carriers. If your item is larger and was delivered with one of the LTL freight carriers you need to make sure the box is put on a pallet and schedule a pickup with an LTL freight carrier.
Please provide us the tracking number.
Once your return is received and inspected, we will send you an email to notify you that we have received your returned item. We will also notify you of the approval or rejection of your refund.
If you are approved, then your refund will be processed, and a credit will be automatically applied to the original method of payment.

Refund Process

Your return will be processed as quickly as possible but may take up to 30 days. The time that it takes for a “credit” to appear on your monthly statement varies by the credit card company. Please allow one to two billing cycles for the refund to appear.

When you are issued an RMA number, you should expect to receive your refund within four weeks of giving your package to the return shipper. However, in many cases, you will receive a refund much more rapidly (1-2 weeks). This time period includes the transit time for us to receive your return from the shipper (5 to 10 business days), the time it takes us to process your return once we receive it (3 to 5 business days), and the time it takes your bank to process our refund request (5 to 10 business days).

Cancellations

You can cancel your order free of charge up to 48 hours after the order was placed and if the order has not been physically shipped.
All unshipped orders canceled after 48 hours are subject to a 40 administration fee.
If your order has been shipped, the standard return procedure above applies.
Refunds will only be issued to the original credit card that you use when placing your order.

Zoom Electric Bikes and its Suppliers are not responsible for the proper or improper use of merchandise sold. We care about our customers and urge you to exercise caution and take necessary safety measures to protect yourself while engaging in cycling. We encourage, beg, and plead that you wear a helmet and use appropriate lighting while riding at night regardless of the legal requirements in your particular state. Potential customers, you should check with your local law enforcement agency before purchasing about age requirements for riding our electric bicycles. Some states may have laws restricting the use of these items on public streets. Generally, all states allow them on private property such as campgrounds, parks, etc. but many states have age requirements. Most states require helmets and protective equipment to be worn by certain age children. Please remember to always bike safely. Know your laws before you go biking. We will not take back a bicycle if you find your laws do not permit your child to ride it. Check first.

Zoom Electric Bikes reserves the right to modify this policy without notice.

We work very hard to ensure that we offer the absolute best online. We want you to feel confident that you are getting the absolute best price for the product you are ordering. We partner with our suppliers to ensure they set the minimum advertised pricing guidelines that we and all our competitors follow.

Based on the minimum advertised price set by our manufacturers, all websites selling the same electric bike should sell it at the same price. If you find another online store that offers a lower price than us at the time of purchase, let us know within 30 days of your purchase and we will contact the brand to ensure they are not breaking the minimum advertised price policy. If you however do qualify for a refund, you will be refunded the difference in price to your credit card.

Please contact us to check if we can price match an electric bike before you place your order.

To request a price match guarantee, you must email us the link to the competitors website before you purchase the item.

To request a partial refund, email us a link to the product you found on our competitor’s website within 30 days from the date of your purchase and we will process your refund accordingly.

100% Price Guarantee Limitations

Promotions such as rebates and buy one, get one free offers are not eligible
Any item to which a volume discount, a coupon, a bundling arrangement (such as two-for-one), free gifts or accessories bundled with the purchase of a bike or product, a customer rebate, an inventory liquidation, “Closeout Sale”, “going out of business”, “free offer”, “CyberMonday”, “Deal of the Day” promotion or other similar special promotional pricing mechanism is applied.
The item must be in stock on the competitors website
The store you found is not adhering to the manufacturer’s (Minimum Advertised Price) MAP policy
The competitor must be an online store, they may not have a retail location
The website can not be a discounter or auction website (ie; eBay, Walmart, Amazon, Overstock, etc.)
The competitor must be an Authorized Retailer for the product in question
The Price Match Guarantee includes the item price and the shipping charges, it excludes sales tax

The following brands are excluded from the Price Match Guarantee:

Easy and affordable financing is available through our partner, Affirm. Get a real-time decision.

As low as 0% APR financing.

Affordable Monthly Plans

Buy now and pay for your purchase over time. You’re in control, pick a payment plan that fits your budget. Offers start at 0% APR or 10-36% APR with competitive interest rates

No Prepayment Penalties

Pay for your purchase with monthly payments and prepay at any time without penalty.

Quick and Easy Application

Get a decision in seconds with no obligation to buy. The application is secure and processed in real-time. Checking your rate won’t affect your credit score.

Flexible Repayment

Simply pay your monthly bill using a debit card or bank transfer.

When you finance with Affirm you see the approved loan amount, interest rate, total interest you will pay, and the number of months that you have to pay off your loan all before signing up. Zoom Electric Bikes has no control over the financing decision and this is solely the lender’s decision based on your creditworthiness.

“Rates from 0% APR or 10-36% APR. Payment options through Affirm are subject to an eligibility check, may not be available in all states, and are provided by these lending partners: affirm.com/lenders. Options depend on your purchase amount, and a down payment may be required. CA residents: Loans by Affirm Loan Services, LLC are made or arranged pursuant to a California Finance Lenders Law license.”

HOW IT WORKS

STEP 1. Add to Cart

1) Once you’ve selected the products you would like to order, simply add them to your shopping cart.

2) You will be taken to the cart page. While on the cart page, make sure you have all the products you wish to purchase, then click “Secure Checkout.”

3) Fill out your contact information and shipping address, press the “Continue to shipping method.”

4) While on the checkout page, select “Affirm Pay over time” as your payment option. See image below for example.

5) After clicking “Complete order”, you will be redirected to Affirm to complete your purchase securely.

STEP 2. Quick Application with Affirm

Provide some basic information and Affirm will provide a real-time loan decision. Select your preferred payment terms and confirm your loan.

STEP 3. Checkout and Shipping

Confirm your order details and you are all set; your order has been placed! After checkout is complete we will process and ship your products right to your door.

STEP 4. Pay over Time

With Affirm you can get your order right away and split your purchase into multiple payments to pay back over time. Choose the payment schedule that works best for you. 3, 6, or 12 month financing with rates as low as 0% APR or 10-36% APR.

WHAT IF I DO NOT SEE AFFIRM AS A PAYMENT OPTION?

If you do not see Affirm as a Payment provider, you are most likely logged into Shop Pay on your browser. Simply follow the steps below to access Affirm Payments.

STEP 1. Check Out As Guest

From your Shopping Cart page, click on Checkout as shown below.

Then on the Shop Pay window, scroll to the bottom and click Checkout as Guest as shown below.

STEP 2. Confirm Shipment Address

Enter your shipment address and email address, then click on Continue To Shipping as shown below.

STEP 3. Continue To Payment

Click on the Continue To Payment button as shown below.

STEP 4. Select Affirm Financing

You should now see Affirm listed as a Payment Provider. Simply select Affirm as shown below and click on Complete Order.

If you still cannot access Affirm as a Payment Provider when checking out, please Contact Us at 1 (888) 333-9469 or Chat With Us and we are happy to help you!

Sources:

https://endless-sphere.com/sphere/threads/will-60v-work-on-my-e-bike.93933/
https://electricbikereport.com/electric-bike-battery-basics-what-are-these-volts-amp-hours/
https://reallygoodebikes.com/pages/electric-bike-ebike-range-calculator
https://zoomelectricbikes.com/products/x-treme-cabo-600-w-cruiser-elite-max-60-volt-electric-scooter

Will 60V work on my e-Bike

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X-Treme Cabo 600W Cruiser Elite Max Moped 60 Volt Electric Scooter

X-Treme Cabo 600 W Cruiser Elite Max 60 Volt Electric Scooter SPECIFICATIONS

Let customers speak for us

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Order Confirmation

Shipping Times

Delivery Coverage Area

Back Orders

Order Shipment Processing

Please Check Your Order

Cancellations Refunds

Zoom Electric Bikes Shipping and Returns Policy

Return Policy

The Following Cannot Be Returned

Exchange Policy

Items Damaged During Shipment

Restocking Fees

Non-Refundable Items

How to Return Your Item(s) to Zoom Electric Bikes

Refund Process

Cancellations

100% Price Guarantee Limitations

Easy and affordable financing is available through our partner, Affirm. Get a real-time decision.

Affordable Monthly Plans

No Prepayment Penalties

Quick and Easy Application

Flexible Repayment

HOW IT WORKS

STEP 1. Add to Cart

STEP 2. Quick Application with Affirm

STEP 3. Checkout and Shipping

STEP 4. Pay over Time

WHAT IF I DO NOT SEE AFFIRM AS A PAYMENT OPTION?

STEP 1. Check Out As Guest

STEP 2. Confirm Shipment Address

STEP 3. Continue To Payment

STEP 4. Select Affirm Financing

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Introduction: Electric Bike (Ebike) Range Calculator